import pygame import sys import random # --- 游戏常量配置 --- BOARD_SIZE = 9 # 棋盘大小 (9x9) CELL_SIZE = 50 # 每个格子的像素大小 MARGIN = 40 # 棋盘边缘留白 PIECE_RADIUS = 20 # 棋子半径 WINDOW_SIZE = CELL_SIZE * (BOARD_SIZE - 1) + 2 * MARGIN # 颜色定义 BG_COLOR = (220, 179, 92) # 棋盘背景色 LINE_COLOR = (0, 0, 0) # 线条颜色 BLACK_PIECE = (20, 20, 20) # 黑子 WHITE_PIECE = (240, 240, 240) # 白子 # 棋子状态 EMPTY = 0 BLACK = 1 WHITE = 2 class GoGame: def __init__(self): pygame.init() self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_SIZE, WINDOW_SIZE)) pygame.display.set_caption("Python 围棋小游戏 (带AI)") self.font = pygame.font.Font(None, 30) # 初始化棋盘状态 (二维数组) self.board = [[EMPTY for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] self.current_player = BLACK # 黑棋先手（玩家） self.history = [] # 记录历史，用于悔棋 self.game_over = False # AI 配置：玩家执黑，AI执白 self.ai_color = WHITE self.player_color = BLACK def get_board_coord(self, mouse_pos): """将鼠标像素坐标转换为棋盘网格坐标""" x, y = mouse_pos col = round((x - MARGIN) / CELL_SIZE) row = round((y - MARGIN) / CELL_SIZE) if 0 <= row < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= col < BOARD_SIZE: return row, col return None def get_neighbors(self, row, col): """获取当前坐标的上下左右相邻坐标""" neighbors = [] for dr, dc in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]: nr, nc = row + dr, col + dc if 0 <= nr < BOARD_SIZE and 0 <= nc < BOARD_SIZE: neighbors.append((nr, nc)) return neighbors def get_group_liberties(self, row, col, board_state): """使用 BFS 查找相连同色棋子的整块“气”""" color = board_state[row][col] visited = set() liberties = set() queue = [(row, col)] visited.add((row, col)) while queue: r, c = queue.pop(0) for nr, nc in self.get_neighbors(r, c): if (nr, nc) not in visited: if board_state[nr][nc] == EMPTY: liberties.add((nr, nc)) elif board_state[nr][nc] == color: visited.add((nr, nc)) queue.append((nr, nc)) return visited, liberties def remove_dead_stones(self, row, col, board_state, color): """检查并移除对方没有气的棋子（提子）""" captured = [] for nr, nc in self.get_neighbors(row, col): if board_state[nr][nc] == color: group, liberties = self.get_group_liberties(nr, nc, board_state) if len(liberties) == 0: for gr, gc in group: board_state[gr][gc] = EMPTY captured.append((gr, gc)) return captured def is_valid_move(self, row, col, board_state, player): """判断落子是否合法（不能下在已有棋子的地方，不能自杀）""" if board_state[row][col] != EMPTY: return False # 模拟落子 opponent = WHITE if player == BLACK else BLACK temp_board = [r[:] for r in board_state] temp_board[row][col] = player # 检查是否能吃掉对方 if self.remove_dead_stones(row, col, temp_board, opponent): return True # 检查自己是否有气（防止自杀） _, liberties = self.get_group_liberties(row, col, temp_board) return len(liberties) > 0 def place_piece(self, row, col): """执行落子逻辑""" if self.game_over or not self.is_valid_move(row, col, self.board, self.current_player): return False # 保存历史以便悔棋 self.history.append([r[:] for r in self.board]) self.board[row][col] = self.current_player opponent = WHITE if self.current_player == BLACK else BLACK # 提子 self.remove_dead_stones(row, col, self.board, opponent) # 切换玩家 self.current_player = opponent return True def undo(self): """悔棋功能（玩家悔棋时，同时撤销AI的上一步）""" if len(self.history) >= 2: # 撤回AI的一步 self.history.pop() # 撤回玩家的一步 self.board = self.history.pop() self.current_player = self.player_color elif len(self.history) == 1: # 如果只有AI的一步（比如玩家刚开局就悔棋），直接退回初始状态 self.board = [[EMPTY for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for _ in range(BOARD_SIZE)] self.history = [] self.current_player = self.player_color # ================= AI 核心逻辑 ================= def evaluate_move(self, row, col, player): """ 评估某一步棋的价值，分数越高 AI 越倾向于下在这里 """ opponent = WHITE if player == BLACK else BLACK score = 0 # 1. 吃子奖励：如果能吃掉对方棋子，给极高分 temp_board = [r[:] for r in self.board] temp_board[row][col] = player captured = self.remove_dead_stones(row, col, temp_board, opponent) score += len(captured) * 100 # 2. 逃跑奖励：如果自己相邻的棋子只有1口气，落子后能增加气，给高分 for nr, nc in self.get_neighbors(row, col): if self.board[nr][nc] == player: _, liberties_before = self.get_group_liberties(nr, nc, self.board) if len(liberties_before) == 1: score += 50 # 3. 基础位置评分：越靠近棋盘中心，分数越高 center = BOARD_SIZE // 2 distance = abs(row - center) + abs(col - center) score += max(0, 10 - distance) # 4. 避免贴边：尽量不下在边缘（除非为了吃子或逃跑） if row == 0 or row == BOARD_SIZE - 1 or col == 0 or col == BOARD_SIZE - 1: score -= 5 return score def ai_turn(self): """AI 的回合：遍历所有合法空位，选择得分最高的点""" best_score = -1 best_moves = [] for r in range(BOARD_SIZE): for c in range(BOARD_SIZE): if self.is_valid_move(r, c, self.board, self.ai_color): score = self.evaluate_move(r, c, self.ai_color) if score > best_score: best_score = score best_moves = [(r, c)] elif score == best_score: best_moves.append((r, c)) # 如果有多个得分相同的点，随机选一个，增加多样性 if best_moves: move = random.choice(best_moves) self.place_piece(move[0], move[1]) # ================================================ def draw_board(self): """绘制棋盘网格""" self.screen.fill(BG_COLOR) for i in range(BOARD_SIZE): start_pos = MARGIN + i * CELL_SIZE pygame.draw.line(self.screen, LINE_COLOR, (MARGIN, start_pos), (WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN, start_pos), 2) pygame.draw.line(self.screen, LINE_COLOR, (start_pos, MARGIN), (start_pos, WINDOW_SIZE - MARGIN), 2) def draw_pieces(self): """绘制棋子""" for r in range(BOARD_SIZE): for c in range(BOARD_SIZE): if self.board[r][c] != EMPTY: color = BLACK_PIECE if self.board[r][c] == BLACK else WHITE_PIECE center = (MARGIN + c * CELL_SIZE, MARGIN + r * CELL_SIZE) pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, color, center, PIECE_RADIUS) if self.board[r][c] == WHITE: pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, LINE_COLOR, center, PIECE_RADIUS, 1) def draw_info(self): """绘制界面提示""" player_name = "黑棋(你)" if self.current_player == BLACK else "白棋(AI)" text = self.font.render(f"当前: {player_name} | 右键:悔棋 | ESC:退出", True, (0, 0, 0)) self.screen.blit(text, (10, 10)) def run(self): """游戏主循环""" clock = pygame.time.Clock() ai_pending = False # 标记 AI 是否需要行动 while True: clock.tick(60) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if event.button == 1 and self.current_player == self.player_color: pos = self.get_board_coord(event.pos) if pos: if self.place_piece(pos[0], pos[1]): ai_pending = True # 玩家落子成功，触发 AI elif event.button == 3: self.undo() if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 在主循环中处理 AI 落子，避免阻塞事件监听 if ai_pending and self.current_player == self.ai_color: self.ai_turn() ai_pending = False self.draw_board() self.draw_pieces() self.draw_info() pygame.display.flip() if __name__ == "__main__": game = GoGame() game.run()