import pygame import random import sys import time from enum import Enum # ========== 初始化 ========== pygame.init() WINDOW_WIDTH = 900 WINDOW_HEIGHT = 700 screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT)) pygame.display.set_caption("🐹 打地鼠 · 数据类型大作战") clock = pygame.time.Clock() FPS = 60 # ========== 中文字体 ========== def get_font(size, bold=False): font_names = [ "SimHei", "Microsoft YaHei", "STHeiti", "Noto Sans CJK SC", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei" ] for name in font_names: try: font = pygame.font.SysFont(name, size, bold=bold) test = font.render("测试", True, (255, 255, 255)) if test.get_width() > 0: return font except: continue try: font_paths = [ "C:/Windows/Fonts/simsun.ttc", "/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc", ] for path in font_paths: if __import__('os').path.exists(path): return pygame.font.Font(path, size) except: pass return pygame.font.Font(None, size) # ========== 颜色定义（完整版） ========== COLORS = { "bg": (34, 139, 34), "hole": (80, 50, 30), "hole_dark": (50, 30, 20), "mole": (210, 180, 140), "mole_eye": (255, 255, 255), "mole_pupil": (0, 0, 0), "mole_nose": (255, 150, 150), "hammer": (139, 69, 19), "hammer_head": (169, 169, 169), "ui_bg": (30, 30, 30, 200), "white": (255, 255, 255), "black": (0, 0, 0), "gray": (128, 128, 128), # ← 修复：添加 gray "light_gray": (200, 200, 200), "red": (255, 50, 50), "green": (50, 255, 50), "gold": (255, 215, 0), "blue": (50, 150, 255), "orange": (255, 165, 0), "purple": (200, 50, 255), "dark_gray": (80, 80, 80), "transparent_black": (0, 0, 0, 180), } # ========== 数据类型定义 ========== class DataType(Enum): INT = "整数" FLOAT = "浮点数" STR = "字符串" BOOL = "布尔值" LIST = "列表" TUPLE = "元组" DICT = "字典" SET = "集合" NONE = "空值" # 数据类型示例 DATA_EXAMPLES = { DataType.INT: ["42", "-5", "1000", "0", "999"], DataType.FLOAT: ["3.14", "-2.5", "0.0", "1.618", "99.99"], DataType.STR: ['"你好"', '"Python"', '"123"', '"True"', '""'], DataType.BOOL: ["True", "False"], DataType.LIST: ["[1,2,3]", '["a","b"]', "[True,False]", "[]", "[1,[2,3]]"], DataType.TUPLE: ["(1,2,3)", '("a","b")', "(True,False)", "()", "(1,)"], DataType.DICT: ['{"a":1}', '{"name":"Tom"}', "{}", "{1:2,3:4}"], DataType.SET: ["{1,2,3}", '{"a","b"}', "set()", "{True,False}"], DataType.NONE: ["None"], } # 数据类型颜色（用于显示） TYPE_COLORS = { DataType.INT: (100, 200, 255), DataType.FLOAT: (100, 255, 200), DataType.STR: (255, 200, 100), DataType.BOOL: (255, 150, 255), DataType.LIST: (100, 255, 100), DataType.TUPLE: (200, 255, 100), DataType.DICT: (255, 100, 100), DataType.SET: (255, 200, 50), DataType.NONE: (200, 200, 200), } # ========== 地鼠类 ========== class Mole: def __init__(self, x, y, hole_size=80): self.x = x self.y = y self.hole_size = hole_size self.is_up = False self.data_type = None self.example = None self.up_time = 0 self.duration = random.randint(60, 120) self.appear_count = 0 def pop_up(self): if not self.is_up: self.is_up = True self.data_type = random.choice(list(DataType)) self.example = random.choice(DATA_EXAMPLES[self.data_type]) self.up_time = 0 self.duration = random.randint(80, 150) self.appear_count += 1 return True return False def update(self): if self.is_up: self.up_time += 1 if self.up_time > self.duration: self.hide() def hide(self): self.is_up = False self.data_type = None self.example = None def draw(self, screen, font): if not self.is_up: pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, COLORS["hole"], (self.x, self.y, self.hole_size, self.hole_size // 2)) pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, COLORS["hole_dark"], (self.x + 5, self.y + 5, self.hole_size - 10, self.hole_size // 2 - 5)) return # 地鼠身体 body_rect = (self.x + 10, self.y - 30, self.hole_size - 20, 50) pygame.draw.ellipse(screen, COLORS["mole"], body_rect) # 地鼠眼睛 eye_y = self.y - 15 pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["mole_eye"], (self.x + 20, eye_y), 10) pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["mole_eye"], (self.x + 60, eye_y), 10) pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["mole_pupil"], (self.x + 23, eye_y + 2), 5) pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["mole_pupil"], (self.x + 63, eye_y + 2), 5) # 鼻子 pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["mole_nose"], (self.x + 40, self.y + 5), 8) # 显示数据类型标签 type_name = self.data_type.value type_color = TYPE_COLORS.get(self.data_type, COLORS["white"]) label_text = f"📊 {type_name}" text_surf = font.render(label_text, True, COLORS["white"]) text_rect = text_surf.get_rect(center=(self.x + self.hole_size//2, self.y - 45)) bg_rect = text_rect.inflate(20, 10) pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0, 180), bg_rect) pygame.draw.rect(screen, type_color, bg_rect, 2) screen.blit(text_surf, text_rect) # 显示示例值 example_text = f"例子: {self.example}" ex_surf = font.render(example_text, True, type_color) ex_rect = ex_surf.get_rect(center=(self.x + self.hole_size//2, self.y - 20)) screen.blit(ex_surf, ex_rect) # ========== 锤子 ========== class Hammer: def __init__(self): self.x = 0 self.y = 0 self.is_hitting = False self.hit_timer = 0 self.angle = 0 def update(self): self.x, self.y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() if self.is_hitting: self.hit_timer += 1 if self.hit_timer > 10: self.is_hitting = False self.hit_timer = 0 self.angle = 0 def swing(self): if not self.is_hitting: self.is_hitting = True self.hit_timer = 0 self.angle = -30 def draw(self, screen): if self.is_hitting: handle_rect = (self.x + 20, self.y - 10, 30, 8) pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS["hammer"], handle_rect) pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["hammer_head"], (self.x + 35, self.y - 10), 15) pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 255, 200, 100), (self.x + 35, self.y - 10), 20) else: handle_rect = (self.x - 20, self.y - 10, 30, 8) pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS["hammer"], handle_rect) pygame.draw.circle(screen, COLORS["hammer_head"], (self.x - 25, self.y - 10), 15) # ========== 游戏主类 ========== class WhackAMoleGame: def __init__(self): self.font_small = get_font(18) self.font_medium = get_font(26) self.font_large = get_font(36) self.font_huge = get_font(48, bold=True) self.hole_size = 80 self.margin = 30 self.grid_start_x = (WINDOW_WIDTH - 3 * (self.hole_size + self.margin)) // 2 self.grid_start_y = 150 self.moles = [] for row in range(3): for col in range(3): x = self.grid_start_x + col * (self.hole_size + self.margin) y = self.grid_start_y + row * (self.hole_size + self.margin) self.moles.append(Mole(x, y, self.hole_size)) self.hammer = Hammer() self.score = 0 self.combo = 0 self.max_combo = 0 self.total_hits = 0 self.missed = 0 self.game_time = 60 self.start_time = time.time() self.is_running = True self.is_game_over = False self.combo_timer = 0 self.type_stats = {dt: {"correct": 0, "wrong": 0} for dt in DataType} self.last_message = "" self.message_timer = 0 self.message_color = COLORS["white"] self.spawn_timer = 0 self.waiting_for_answer = False self.current_mole = None self.question_buttons = [] # 存储按钮信息 self.difficulty = 1 def handle_events(self): for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: self.is_running = False elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: if event.button == 1: if self.is_game_over: return if self.waiting_for_answer: self.handle_question_click(event.pos) else: self.hit_mole() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE: self.is_running = False elif event.key == pygame.K_r and self.is_game_over: self.restart_game() def hit_mole(self): self.hammer.swing() if self.is_game_over: return mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() for mole in self.moles: if mole.is_up: mole_center_x = mole.x + mole.hole_size // 2 mole_center_y = mole.y + mole.hole_size // 4 dist = ((mouse_x - mole_center_x) ** 2 + (mouse_y - mole_center_y) ** 2) ** 0.5 if dist < 50: self.current_mole = mole self.waiting_for_answer = True return self.missed += 1 self.combo = 0 self.show_message("❌ 没打中！", COLORS["red"]) def check_answer(self, user_answer): if not self.waiting_for_answer or not self.current_mole: return mole = self.current_mole correct = user_answer == mole.data_type if correct: self.score += 10 + self.combo * 2 self.combo += 1 self.total_hits += 1 if self.combo > self.max_combo: self.max_combo = self.combo self.type_stats[mole.data_type]["correct"] += 1 self.show_message(f"✅ 正确！+{10 + (self.combo-1) * 2}分", COLORS["green"]) mole.hide() else: self.combo = 0 self.type_stats[mole.data_type]["wrong"] += 1 correct_type_name = mole.data_type.value self.show_message(f"❌ 错误！应该是「{correct_type_name}」", COLORS["red"]) self.waiting_for_answer = False self.current_mole = None self.question_buttons = [] self.difficulty = 1 + self.score // 100 def show_message(self, msg, color): self.last_message = msg self.message_color = color self.message_timer = 60 def spawn_moles(self): if self.is_game_over: return spawn_chance = min(0.3 + self.difficulty * 0.02, 0.7) up_count = sum(1 for m in self.moles if m.is_up) max_up = min(2 + self.difficulty // 2, 6) if up_count < max_up and random.random() < spawn_chance: hidden_moles = [m for m in self.moles if not m.is_up] if hidden_moles: mole = random.choice(hidden_moles) mole.pop_up() def update(self): if self.is_game_over: return elapsed = time.time() - self.start_time remaining = max(0, self.game_time - elapsed) if remaining <= 0: self.is_game_over = True return for mole in self.moles: mole.update() self.spawn_timer += 1 if self.spawn_timer > max(10, 30 - self.difficulty * 2): self.spawn_timer = 0 self.spawn_moles() self.hammer.update() if self.message_timer > 0: self.message_timer -= 1 def restart_game(self): self.score = 0 self.combo = 0 self.max_combo = 0 self.total_hits = 0 self.missed = 0 self.game_time = 60 self.start_time = time.time() self.is_game_over = False self.waiting_for_answer = False self.current_mole = None self.difficulty = 1 self.question_buttons = [] self.type_stats = {dt: {"correct": 0, "wrong": 0} for dt in DataType} for mole in self.moles: mole.hide() def render(self): screen.fill(COLORS["bg"]) # 草地纹理 for x in range(0, WINDOW_WIDTH, 40): pygame.draw.line(screen, (50, 180, 50), (x, 0), (x, WINDOW_HEIGHT), 1) for y in range(0, WINDOW_HEIGHT, 40): pygame.draw.line(screen, (50, 180, 50), (0, y), (WINDOW_WIDTH, y), 1) # 标题 title = "🐹 打地鼠 · 数据类型大作战" title_surf = self.font_huge.render(title, True, COLORS["gold"]) title_rect = title_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, 50)) screen.blit(title_surf, title_rect) # 绘制地鼠 for mole in self.moles: mole.draw(screen, self.font_small) # 绘制锤子 self.hammer.draw(screen) # ===== UI ===== ui_bg = pygame.Surface((WINDOW_WIDTH, 50)) ui_bg.set_alpha(180) ui_bg.fill((0, 0, 0)) screen.blit(ui_bg, (0, 0)) screen.blit(ui_bg, (0, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 60)) # 分数 score_text = self.font_large.render(f"⭐ 分数: {self.score}", True, COLORS["gold"]) screen.blit(score_text, (20, 5)) # 连击 if self.combo >= 3: combo_color = COLORS["orange"] if self.combo < 10 else COLORS["red"] combo_text = self.font_medium.render(f"🔥 {self.combo}连击!", True, combo_color) screen.blit(combo_text, (350, 10)) # 时间 elapsed = time.time() - self.start_time remaining = max(0, self.game_time - elapsed) time_color = COLORS["green"] if remaining > 20 else COLORS["orange"] if remaining > 10 else COLORS["red"] time_text = self.font_large.render(f"⏱️ {int(remaining)}s", True, time_color) screen.blit(time_text, (WINDOW_WIDTH - 150, 5)) # 底部信息 total_hits_text = self.font_small.render(f"🎯 命中: {self.total_hits}", True, COLORS["white"]) screen.blit(total_hits_text, (20, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 50)) missed_text = self.font_small.render(f"❌ 未命中: {self.missed}", True, COLORS["red"]) screen.blit(missed_text, (180, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 50)) max_combo_text = self.font_small.render(f"🏆 最高连击: {self.max_combo}", True, COLORS["gold"]) screen.blit(max_combo_text, (350, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 50)) # 消息 if self.message_timer > 0: msg_surf = self.font_medium.render(self.last_message, True, self.message_color) msg_rect = msg_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, 110)) bg_rect = msg_rect.inflate(30, 15) pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 0, 200), bg_rect) pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.message_color, bg_rect, 2) screen.blit(msg_surf, msg_rect) # 答题界面 if self.waiting_for_answer and self.current_mole: self.render_question_ui() # 游戏结束 if self.is_game_over: self.render_game_over() pygame.display.flip() def render_question_ui(self): if not self.current_mole: return mole = self.current_mole # 半透明背景 overlay = pygame.Surface((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT)) overlay.set_alpha(150) overlay.fill((0, 0, 0)) screen.blit(overlay, (0, 0)) # 问题框 box_width = 600 box_height = 350 box_x = (WINDOW_WIDTH - box_width) // 2 box_y = (WINDOW_HEIGHT - box_height) // 2 - 50 pygame.draw.rect(screen, (40, 40, 60), (box_x, box_y, box_width, box_height)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, COLORS["gold"], (box_x, box_y, box_width, box_height), 3) # 问题文字 q_text = "这个数据是什么类型？" q_surf = self.font_large.render(q_text, True, COLORS["white"]) q_rect = q_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, box_y + 50)) screen.blit(q_surf, q_rect) # 显示示例 example_text = f"📝 {mole.example}" ex_surf = self.font_huge.render(example_text, True, TYPE_COLORS.get(mole.data_type, COLORS["white"])) ex_rect = ex_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, box_y + 120)) screen.blit(ex_surf, ex_rect) # 选项按钮 data_types = list(DataType) btn_width = 160 btn_height = 50 btn_margin = 15 cols = 3 rows = 3 self.question_buttons = [] for i, dt in enumerate(data_types): row = i // cols col = i % cols btn_x = box_x + 40 + col * (btn_width + btn_margin) btn_y = box_y + 170 + row * (btn_height + btn_margin) color = TYPE_COLORS.get(dt, COLORS["white"]) pygame.draw.rect(screen, (60, 60, 80), (btn_x, btn_y, btn_width, btn_height)) pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, (btn_x, btn_y, btn_width, btn_height), 2) btn_text = dt.value btn_surf = self.font_medium.render(btn_text, True, color) btn_rect = btn_surf.get_rect(center=(btn_x + btn_width//2, btn_y + btn_height//2)) screen.blit(btn_surf, btn_rect) self.question_buttons.append({ "rect": pygame.Rect(btn_x, btn_y, btn_width, btn_height), "type": dt }) # 提示文字 hint = "点击上方选项回答问题" hint_surf = self.font_small.render(hint, True, COLORS["gray"]) # ← 修复：gray 已定义 hint_rect = hint_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, box_y + box_height - 20)) screen.blit(hint_surf, hint_rect) def render_game_over(self): overlay = pygame.Surface((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT)) overlay.set_alpha(180) overlay.fill((0, 0, 0)) screen.blit(overlay, (0, 0)) end_title = "🎉 游戏结束！" title_surf = self.font_huge.render(end_title, True, COLORS["gold"]) title_rect = title_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, 100)) screen.blit(title_surf, title_rect) stats_y = 180 hit_rate = 0 if (self.total_hits + self.missed) > 0: hit_rate = self.total_hits / (self.total_hits + self.missed) * 100 stats = [ f"⭐ 最终得分: {self.score}", f"🎯 命中次数: {self.total_hits}", f"❌ 未命中次数: {self.missed}", f"🔥 最高连击: {self.max_combo}", f"📊 命中率: {hit_rate:.1f}%", ] for i, stat in enumerate(stats): stat_surf = self.font_medium.render(stat, True, COLORS["white"]) stat_rect = stat_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, stats_y + i * 40)) screen.blit(stat_surf, stat_rect) # 数据类型统计 stats_y += 220 type_title = "📊 数据类型掌握情况" type_surf = self.font_medium.render(type_title, True, COLORS["gold"]) type_rect = type_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, stats_y)) screen.blit(type_surf, type_rect) stats_y += 40 type_parts = [] for dt in DataType: stats = self.type_stats[dt] total = stats["correct"] + stats["wrong"] if total > 0: rate = stats["correct"] / total * 100 type_parts.append(f"{dt.value} {rate:.0f}%") if type_parts: type_text = " ".join(type_parts) type_surf = self.font_small.render(type_text, True, COLORS["white"]) type_rect = type_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, stats_y)) screen.blit(type_surf, type_rect) restart_text = "按 R 键重新开始" restart_surf = self.font_medium.render(restart_text, True, COLORS["green"]) restart_rect = restart_surf.get_rect(center=(WINDOW_WIDTH//2, 620)) screen.blit(restart_surf, restart_rect) def handle_question_click(self, mouse_pos): if not self.waiting_for_answer: return for btn in self.question_buttons: if btn["rect"].collidepoint(mouse_pos): self.check_answer(btn["type"]) break # ========== 主循环 ========== def main(): game = WhackAMoleGame() while game.is_running: game.handle_events() game.update() game.render() clock.tick(FPS) pygame.quit() sys.exit() if __name__ == "__main__": main()