import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk, filedialog, messagebox import csv import os import io # 尽量按需导入 matplotlib 和 pandas（可选） try: import matplotlib matplotlib.use('Agg') # 先设后端，实际绘图用 FigureCanvasTkAgg from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg import matplotlib.pyplot as plt HAS_MPL = True except Exception: HAS_MPL = False try: import pandas as pd HAS_PANDAS = True except Exception: HAS_PANDAS = False class ScorePlotter(tk.Tk): def __init__(self): super().__init__() self.title("成绩走势图") self.geometry("900x600") self.data = None # pandas DataFrame 或 list of dicts self.filename = None self._create_widgets() def _create_widgets(self): # 顶部按钮栏 toolbar = ttk.Frame(self) toolbar.pack(side='top', fill='x', padx=6, pady=6) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="导入 CSV", command=self.load_csv).pack(side='left') ttk.Button(toolbar, text="导出 CSV", command=self.export_csv).pack(side='left', padx=4) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="导出图像 (PNG)", command=self.export_plot).pack(side='left', padx=4) ttk.Label(toolbar, text="视图:").pack(side='left', padx=(10,2)) self.view_var = tk.StringVar(value='按学生') view_box = ttk.Combobox(toolbar, textvariable=self.view_var, values=['按学生', '按科目'], width=10, state='readonly') view_box.pack(side='left') ttk.Label(toolbar, text="图表类型:").pack(side='left', padx=(10,2)) self.chart_var = tk.StringVar(value='折线图') chart_box = ttk.Combobox(toolbar, textvariable=self.chart_var, values=['折线图', '柱状图'], width=8, state='readonly') chart_box.pack(side='left') ttk.Label(toolbar, text="选择:").pack(side='left', padx=(10,2)) self.select_var = tk.StringVar() self.select_cb = ttk.Combobox(toolbar, textvariable=self.select_var, values=[], width=20) self.select_cb.pack(side='left') ttk.Button(toolbar, text="绘制", command=self.plot).pack(side='left', padx=6) ttk.Button(toolbar, text="统计信息", command=self.show_stats).pack(side='right') # 中央分割：左侧表格，右侧画布 main = ttk.Frame(self) main.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=6, pady=6) left = ttk.Frame(main) left.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True) self.tree = ttk.Treeview(left, columns=('c1',), show='headings') self.tree.pack(fill='both', expand=True, side='left') scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(left, orient='vertical', command=self.tree.yview) scrollbar.pack(side='right', fill='y') self.tree.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set) right = ttk.Frame(main, width=400) right.pack(side='right', fill='both', expand=False) # 如果有 matplotlib，放置画布位置；若没有则显示提示标签 if HAS_MPL: self.fig, self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,4)) self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, master=right) self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill='both', expand=True) else: ttk.Label(right, text="未安装 matplotlib，无法绘图。\n请运行 pip install matplotlib", foreground='red').pack(padx=10, pady=10) def load_csv(self): path = filedialog.askopenfilename(title="选择 CSV 文件", filetypes=[("CSV 文件", "*.csv"), ("所有文件", "*.*")]) if not path: return try: with open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: reader = csv.reader(f) rows = list(reader) if not rows: messagebox.showerror("错误", "文件为空或格式不正确。") return headers = rows[0] data_rows = rows[1:] # 简单检查：第一列为姓名 names = [r[0] for r in data_rows] subjects = headers[1:] # 保存为列表字典，同时尝试用 pandas DataFrame（若可用） records = [] for r in data_rows: rec = {'姓名': r[0]} for i, s in enumerate(subjects, start=1): try: val = float(r[i]) if r[i] != '' else None except Exception: val = None rec[s] = val records.append(rec) self.data = {'headers': headers, 'rows': records, 'subjects': subjects} self.filename = os.path.basename(path) self._populate_table() self._update_select_options() messagebox.showinfo("完成", f"已加载 {self.filename}（{len(records)} 行，{len(subjects)} 科目）") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"加载失败：{e}") def _populate_table(self): # 清空 tree for col in self.tree['columns']: self.tree.heading(col, text='') self.tree.delete(*self.tree.get_children()) if not self.data: return headers = self.data['headers'] # 重建 columns cols = headers self.tree.config(columns=cols, show='headings') for c in cols: self.tree.heading(c, text=c) self.tree.column(c, width=100, anchor='center') for rec in self.data['rows']: row = [rec.get(headers[i], '') if i>0 else rec.get('姓名','') for i in range(len(headers))] # convert None to empty string row = [("" if v is None else v) for v in row] self.tree.insert('', tk.END, values=row) def _update_select_options(self): if not self.data: self.select_cb['values'] = [] return if self.view_var.get() == '按学生': vals = [r['姓名'] for r in self.data['rows']] else: vals = self.data['subjects'] self.select_cb['values'] = vals if vals: self.select_cb.set(vals[0]) def plot(self): if not HAS_MPL: messagebox.showerror("错误", "未安装 matplotlib，无法绘图。") return if not self.data: messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先导入 CSV 数据。") return key = self.select_var.get().strip() if not key: messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请选择一个学生或科目。") return view = self.view_var.get() chart = self.chart_var.get() self.ax.clear() try: if view == '按学生': # 找到该学生记录 rec = next((r for r in self.data['rows'] if r['姓名'] == key), None) if not rec: messagebox.showerror("错误", "未找到该学生。") return subjects = self.data['subjects'] vals = [rec.get(s) if rec.get(s) is not None else float('nan') for s in subjects] x = subjects if chart == '折线图': self.ax.plot(x, vals, marker='o', linestyle='-') else: self.ax.bar(x, vals) self.ax.set_title(f"{key} 的成绩") self.ax.set_xlabel("科目") self.ax.set_ylabel("分数") self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100) else: # 按科目 subject = key names = [r['姓名'] for r in self.data['rows']] vals = [r.get(subject) if r.get(subject) is not None else float('nan') for r in self.data['rows']] x = names if chart == '折线图': self.ax.plot(x, vals, marker='o', linestyle='-') else: self.ax.bar(x, vals) self.ax.set_title(f"{subject} 成绩分布") self.ax.set_xlabel("学生") self.ax.set_ylabel("分数") self.ax.set_ylim(0, 100) self.ax.tick_params(axis='x', rotation=45) self.fig.tight_layout() self.canvas.draw() except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("绘图错误", str(e)) def show_stats(self): if not self.data: messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先导入数据。") return # 计算各科目平均分、最高、最低 subjects = self.data['subjects'] rows = self.data['rows'] stats = [] for s in subjects: vals = [r[s] for r in rows if isinstance(r.get(s), (int, float))] if not vals: avg = high = low = None else: avg = sum(vals)/len(vals) high = max(vals) low = min(vals) stats.append((s, avg, high, low, len(vals))) # 弹出简单窗口显示 txt = io.StringIO() txt.write("科目\t平均\t最高\t最低\t有效人数\n") for s, avg, high, low, cnt in stats: txt.write(f"{s}\t{'' if avg is None else round(avg,2)}\t{'' if high is None else high}\t{'' if low is None else low}\t{cnt}\n") top = tk.Toplevel(self) top.title("统计信息") text = tk.Text(top, width=60, height=20) text.pack(fill='both', expand=True) text.insert('1.0', txt.getvalue()) text.configure(state='disabled') def export_csv(self): if not self.data: messagebox.showinfo("提示", "没有数据可导出。") return path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".csv", filetypes=[("CSV 文件","*.csv"),("所有文件","*.*")]) if not path: return try: headers = self.data['headers'] with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) writer.writerow(headers) for r in self.data['rows']: row = [r.get('姓名','')] for s in self.data['subjects']: v = r.get(s) row.append("" if v is None else v) writer.writerow(row) messagebox.showinfo("导出成功", f"已保存到 {path}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"导出失败：{e}") def export_plot(self): if not HAS_MPL: messagebox.showerror("错误", "未安装 matplotlib，无法导出图像。") return path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".png", filetypes=[("PNG 图片","*.png"),("所有文件","*.*")]) if not path: return try: self.fig.savefig(path, dpi=150) messagebox.showinfo("导出成功", f"图像已保存到 {path}") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("错误", f"保存失败：{e}") if __name__ == "__main__": app = ScorePlotter() app.mainloop()